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History of Vadodara |
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Vadodara formerly known as Baroda is the
third most populated city in the Indian State of Gujarat . It is one of the four
cities with the population of over 1 million. Historical and archaeological findings
date this place back to the 9th century when it was a small town called Ankottaka
(present Akota) located on the right bank of the river Vishvamitri (whose name is
derived from the great saint Rishi Vishwamitra). Ankottaka was a famous centre of
Jainism in the 5th and 6th century AD. Some of the Akota bronze images can be seen
in the Vadodara Museum . The city was once called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja
Chandan of Dor tribe of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had
also another name "Virakshetra" or "Virawati" (a land of warriors). Later on it
was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodará, which according to tradition is a corrupt form
of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means 'in the heart of the banyan tree'. It is now
almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but
early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from
this that the name Baroda is derived. Again in 1974 the name changed to Vadodara.
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Baroda has
a rich historical background. The Gaekwads, a Maratha clan who were originally the
generals of Peshwas in Maharashtra, carved out a kingdom for themselves in Baroda
. Damaji's nephew Pilaji became the founder of the house of Gaekwad. The city witnessed
a golden age when Maharajah Sayajirao Gaekwad came to the throne in the late 19th
century. He brought about many reforms in education, medicine, religious tolerance
and administration. Sayajirao was one of the three princes who rated and got a 21
gun salute. It was he who visualised a general scheme of development in all branches
of knowledge at different stages, with the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
at the apex. Modern Baroda owes its beauty, its educational institutions and its
masterpieces of architecture to the insight and vision of this great ruler.
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There is a saying that nothing
grows under the banyan tree, but this is not true of Baroda . Having witnessed the
rise and fall of the empires and kingdoms of the Hindus, Pathans, Moghuls and Marathas,
it now occupies a unique position on the educational, cultural and industrial map
of India . Yet, it has been fortunate enough to retain the beauty of its rich and
varied past. And it is one of the few cities in India which is still influenced
by the lost might of its ruling dynasties.
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Maharaja SayajiRao Gaekwad
III (1875-1939) is a legend; he was the adopted son of Queen Jamnabai. He took Baroda
through a golden age with the help of a shrewd statesman - his chief minister, Diwan
Madhav Rao. SayajiRao began constructing the Laxmi Vilas Palace , naming it after
his first wife (a princess of Tanjore).
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Baroda can possess of one
of the finest palaces in India . Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad commissioned the famous
British Architects, Major Mant and Chisolm to work on Laxmi Vilas palace. Designed
in the Indo-Saracenic style, it is quite a long drive from the huge created iron
gates with the mounted royal emblem, to the entry. The colourful frescoes in Italian
style on the walls of the palace surprise you with their brilliance. Beautiful statues,
marble fountains, Moorish arcades and stained glass windows adorn the structure.
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The palace is a marvellous
work of eclectic architecture, with a mix of all styles. Built in 720 acres, it
was landscaped by Mr Gonderling of Kew . The work started in 1878 and was completed
in 1890; it is still the residence of the royal family.
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The Fatehsinh Rao Museum
, located in the palace grounds, houses the royal collection of paintings, sculptures
and other objects of art. Here also existed the Raja Ravi Verma studio, where he
painted some of his famous works which today belong to this royal family. A garden
house which remains shut today and a dargah (mausoleum) also find place here, (which
is also shut); besides a pond with crocodiles. Many cricket ball and limb were lost
here, when those playing cricket close by ventured into the pond. There is an in-house
cricket club too.
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Massive black bulls with
blue eyes stand in the doorway leading into the palace and the grounds, -- real
ones, but stuffed ages ago. The gold gilt work on paintings is a sight to behold;
models of the palace can be found under the impressive staircase leading to the
top floor, where the personal chambers of the royal family are located. Its complicated
Darbar Hall has an Italian variety floor and walls with mosaic decorations.
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The convention hall has the
entire gamut of carpets, painting, photographs of the royal family, silver, gold,
ivory, furniture, Venetian chandeliers, domes and a decorous ceiling, There is a
huge garden and a Navlakhi Vav which is dry and covered in creepers said to contain
a treasure worth millions, though no one has found it yet. There is a small mandir
by the riverbank Baroda makes for an ideal weekend getaway spot.
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